Gavin+Kersellius

__History Class__

Gavin Presentation:

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Reasons to Explore à Portugal Leads à Columbus sails. ======

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 · Demand For goods increased. ======

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 · Europeans wanted to bypass the Italians and Arabs to have a direct route to spices. ======

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 · Convert people to Christianity. ======

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 · Portugal was the first major explorer. ======

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 · Portuguese explorers sailed around the Cape of Good Hope. ======

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 · Columbus was the first explorer to discover “The New World”. ======

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 · He named the Caribbean the East Indies. He mistook it for India, he thought he had sailed right around the world. ======

__Motivation to Explore__
 * 1) Nutmeg, Cumin, Pepper, Cinnamon etc. It was useful for cooking, preserving foods.
 * 2) The scientific revolution, religion declined, Spain & England would have been in competition to spread their faith.


 * Objectives:
 * 1) Understand European motivation for exploring seas.
 * 2) Analyze early Portuguese and Spanish explorations.
 * 3) Describe European searches for a direct route to Asia.

__Item of Great Value:__ Diamonds __Who Controls:__ Governments & companies __What prevents obtaining it:__ It expensive to extract, therefore it is expensive to purchase.

Diamonds are limited to where they are deposited naturally. the governments of these countries then have ultimate control of these diamonds because it is on their soil, however they will hand out contracts for the diamonds to be mined. This is a lengthily and expensive process it is not easy. This pushes up the prices of diamonds in the market making them expensive to buy from a regular persons point of view.

__How and Why did Portugal take the lead in overseas exploration:__ To find alternative routes to India and the Spice Islands Portugal relied heavily on their explorers. Their explorers eventually found a route around the Cape of Good Hope and back up the Eastern coast of Africa to India, this gave the Portuguese easy access to the Spice trade and they now dominated it after bypassing Italy and the Arabs in the MIddle East. This lead to great wealth for Portugal and their thirst for exploration continued as they found other, new lands. The Portuguese eventually set up ports on the coasts of Africa so they could stop in and make repairs to their ships etc. this made the journey around the Cape Of Good Hope much easier.


 * Objectives:
 * 1) Describe how Portuguese established footholds on Africa's coasts.
 * 2) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Analyze how European actions affected the slave trade and the rise of African states.
 * 3) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Understand how the European presence in Africa expanded.

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">European Footholds à Slave Trade à New African States ======

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> · The Portuguese built small parts along the coast of West Africa so ships could resupply and be repaired. ======

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> · They also built forts along the East coast of Africa. ======

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> · The European demand for slaves was very high; they needed workers on their plantations in the Americas & Caribbean. ======

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> · The Asante Kingdom of Ghana defeated their rivals, before they could do that though their king Osei Tutu had to unite his people. ======

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> · The Oyo Empire arose from the Yoruba people coming across to the coast. They had some of the strongest armies in Africa, which they were able to maintain with their wealth from the slave trade. ======

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<span style="font-size: 1em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> · Other European powers spread to Africa, the French built a in Senegal the Dutch claimed Southern Africa and the English set up the African Association. ======

__Objectives:__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Summarize how Portugal built a trading empire in south and southeast Asia.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Analyze the rise of the Dutch and Spanish dominatce in the region.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Understand how the decline of Mughal India afffected European traders in the region.

__Anji Presentation:__


 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Portuguese were the first to gain a foothold in Asia.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Portuguese decided to end Muslim leadership and change the Indian Ocean into a "Portuguese Lake".
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The seized an island called Goa and it became their military and commercial base in Asia.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">They tried to convert people in Asia to christianity but they resisted.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Netherlands formed the Dutch East India Company.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Dutch used military force to gain power
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Dutch lost power because of the rise of English and French power.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The French and English fought for power in India.

__Gabby Presentation:__


 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Europeans were excited at the prospect of trading with China.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The MIng dynasty had no interest in trading with Europeans.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Jesuits became important sources of information for Europeans who knew little about China.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Manchus won support of Chinese scholars because they adopted a Confusion system of Government.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kangxi extended Chinese power into central Asia.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Qianlong expanded borders o rule the largest area in the nation's history.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Due to potatoes and corn being brought across by Europeans China's agricultural sector thrived creating surplus and increasing trade. This cause a huge surge in population.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Chinese continued to control foreign trade within their country but soon China realized that ignoring Westerners and their technology would have consequences.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Korea adopted a policy of isolation, stopping all contact with foreigners expect for a few Japanese and Chinese.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">At first first the Japanese welcomed the Portuguese foreigners, soon after hearing the Philippines had been conquered by the Spanish the Japanese became hostile to the Europeans kicking them out and killing many of their own christian citizens.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Japanese outlawed building big ships so Japanese foreign trade ended. Japan remained Isolated but internally they flourished.

__Scott's Presentation__ __Conquest in the Americas__


 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Columbus went to the Caribbean - encountered Tainos
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Columbus wasn't kind to the Tainos
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tainos were killed if they rebelled against him
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Spanish conquistadors followed after Columbus
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">They seized the Native Americans gold ornaments and made them pay for more
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Spanish brought disease to the Caribbean and 90% of people died because of it
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hernan Cortes, a famous Spanish explorer, landed on the Mexican coast and went to the Azetec capital
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Montezuma was the emperor of the Aztecs and he heard about Cortes trying to conquer his city
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Montezuma welcomed the Spanish but the Spaniards wanted to convert all the Aztecs into Christians and wanted their gold, etc.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">It became violent
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Imprisoned Montezuma and forced him to sign over the Aztec cities and lands to the Spanish king
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Aztecs kicked out Spanish
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Spanish captured and demolished the city
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Killed all the Aztecs
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Corte's success inspired Fransisco Pizzaro
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He was interested in the Inca people in Peru
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He killed the Emperor after the Inca payed his ransom
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Spanish soon managed to gain access tot he Inca heartland, fighting with their superior weapons
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Spanish achieved a major victory

__Conquest In the Americas Questions__

1.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">90% of the Native Americans were wiped out in The Caribbean because of disease.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Spanish gained great wealth and a lot of gold from their conquests.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Great civilizations of the Americas were wiped out as the Spanish moved through. E.G. The incas, Aztecs
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Technology from Europe reached the Americas after they were colonized.

2.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Spanish kidnapped both nations rulers early, so they were left with no leader to make decisions, so the political system would have been in turmoil and the Spanish could just come through killing everyone with maybe some disorganized opposition from the nations.

3. Short Term
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Millions of Native Americans were wiped out.

__Aqsa's Presentation__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Several Spanish settlers and missionaries followed the conquistadors to the Americas to start colonies.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">By the 1500's Spain had claimed a vast empire from California to South America.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Spanish forced Christianity upon the native who more often then not resisted it.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Spanish introduced European culture, clothes, food etc.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Spanish colonists could only export their goods to Spain as Spain wanted to keep tight control of exports from Latin America.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">They forced Native Americans to work on their plantations and mines. Diseases the Spanish brought across with them resulted in the steep decline of the Native American population.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">As the Americans were dying the Spanish brought across Slaves from Africa. The African culture soon started to mix with that of the Europeans and Native Americans.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Other Europeans powers such as France and England became jealous of Spain and Portugal so they started trading illegally with the colonists in Americas.

__Piracy on the Atlantic__ 1. C 2. B 3. A

__Taylor's Presentation__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1600's England, Sweden and the Netherlands joined and settled in North America.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Within 200 the French controlled half of North America.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Jacques a French explorer discovered the St. Lawrence river and went up it into the depths of Canada.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The French never settled permanently until they set up a permanent colony in Quebec.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">French colonies spread from Quebec to Louisiana but the French colonies had little population compared to the growing English colonies on the Eastern US seaboard.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The pilgrims moved across the US.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The English erected even more new colonies. They struggled to survive at first but soon learnt to use the resources around them to survive.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Various colonial powers fought for power in their colonies around the world until it ended with the signing of the Treaty Of Paris.

__1) Report Card for Queen Elizabeth I__

(1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 34 / 45 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: || 34 / 45 ||

__ Comments (Write a paragraph): __ She never really mentioned much of Elizabeth's achievements, however it was a good effective presentation and she told us why she was a such a popular queen, what she supported and what she saw as important for England.

__**Chante's Presentation**__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">In the 1500's the slave trade took off.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The triangular trade was the name given to the trade routes between Africa, Europe and the Americas.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The first leg was selling guns, cloth and cash for slaves.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Middle passage was the route between Africa and America.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Many slaves in the MIddle Passage died of dysentery or disease, many also committed suicide.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">African states were torn apart as a result.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Many African, European and America coastal cities became major trade centers.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">About 11 million slaves were brought to the Americas, about 2 million died.


 * __The Effects of Global Contact__**
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Columbus discovered that bringing goods back and forth between the continents he could make a huge profit.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He brought crops such as corn and potatoes back from the Americas.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">This is known as the Columbian exchange.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Columbian exchange made America an attractive place to move.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">There was a huge increase in inflation with the huge influx of gold and silver among other goods.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Capitalism grew out of this booming new trade.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mercantilism was a system in which colonies could only trade with their "mother country", they were not allowed to trade with other colonies or nations.

__**Omer's Presentation**__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charles V became King of Spain and King of the Hapsburg empire.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charles was a Catholic and chose to suppress Protestantism in German States.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ottoman empire advanced into Europe
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Ottoman empire challenged Spanish power in the Mediterranean.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charles gave Hapsburg empire to his brother Ferdinand.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He gave Spain and several other states to his son Phillip.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Like his father Phillip II expanded Spanish influence and strengthened the Catholic church
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Phillip made his power absolute.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He focused all his attention on the governance of his Empire.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Phillip asserted that he ruled by divine right.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He turned the inquisition against protestants and other heretics.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Phillip fought to keep the Netherlands under control but the largely Protestant states claimed independence and became known as Dutch Netherlands.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Phillip sailed on England with a huge Armada.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Elizabeths forces met them and annihilated them, the remaining forces retreated back to Spain.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">This defeat marked the beginning of the end of Spanish power.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Treasure from the Americas led to the neglect of farming and commerce which had fatal results.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The expulsion of Muslims and Jews deprived Spain of many skilled workers.

__Manisha Great Person Theory__

1) Report Card for Great Individuals (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * Phillip II || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||

Comments (write a paragraph): Phillip II was a great leader who took charge of his country. He fought many battles without much defeat except against the English. Without him Span probably would not have prospered as it did.

__**Louis Rule - Matthew Presentation**__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">There were a lot of internal wars in France between Protestants and Catholics.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Louis sought to reunite the country, and decided to fix the country up.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Protestants were tolerated however their armies and cities were destroyed.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Louis spent exuberant amounts of money on the welfare of royalty.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He built the Versailles Palace.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He called himself the sun king.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Louis spent huge amounts of money on war and expanding france's borders.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He declared war on protestants whom then fled the country.


 * __Anji's Presentation__**
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Tudor monarchs valued good relations with Parliament.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">James 1, The first Stuart Monarch conflicted with parliament after he wanted the absolute power to make decisions.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charles 1 signed the Petition of Right which stated the king was not allowed to raise taxes without parliamentary approval. He soon ignored this though.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Oliver Cromwell, a MP, fought against Charles to gain control of the country. Cromwell was a military genius.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charles 1 was the first monarch ever to be executed by his people.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">England was ruled by the commonwealth, but once Cromwell died the monarchy was re-instated.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Puritans believed that people should be able to read the bible which lead to mass education.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charles II reopened theaters and pubs.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">James II inherited the throne. His daughter and her husband took over the thrown.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Monarchs were forced to sign the Bill of rights which insured Parliaments supremacy over Monarchs.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The cabinet was established when parliament was need to assist the ruler because George I spoke no English.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The head of the cabinet became known as the Prime Minister.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Britons was still very much an oligarchy.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The British middle class began to grow.


 * __Thirty Years War - Summer Jarret__**

· In the 17th century the Holy Roman Empire was divided up into hundreds of separate states. · King Ferdinand sought to suppress Protestants and assert royal power over nobles. · The 13 years war in Europe. · Ferdinand gained power and was elected the Holy Roman Emperor. · He had support of catholic states. · In the war the war became politically motivated rather than religiously. · At one point Catholic France joined forces with Lutheran Sweden against the Catholic Hapsburg. · Almost 1/3 of the people lost their life in German states. · In 1648 the Peace of Westphalia was signed. · The French gained territory while German states were split. · German states acknowledged the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor. · Each state had their own government, armies, policies etc. · Hapsburg wanted to create a untied state. · Bohemia, Poland and some Italian states were unified. · Geography divided most of the German states. · The Hapsburgs attempted to unite but there were too many challenges, in the end they could never develop a centralized government like France. · Emperor Charles VI’s daughter became the heir to the throne. · Fredrick II of Prussia seized the rich Hapsburg province of Silesia. · This sparked the eight year war of “War of the Austrian Succession” · Austria was moulding a strong Catholic state and Prussia was emerging as a strong Protestant power. · In 1750 The great European powers included Austria, Prussia, France, Britain and Russia. · They formed alliances to maintain the balance of power. · France and Britain sparked the 7 years war. · Britain won and obtained huge swaths of French colonial lands.

__**Summer Great Person Theory - Catherine The Great**__

1) Report Card for Great Individuals (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  || 2 ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 34 || / 45 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 34 || / 45 ||

Comments (write a paragraph): Catherine the great was a great leader who advanced the borders of the Russian nation. She advanced the arts and literature and made Russia one of the stringer nations in Europe.

__** Absolute Monarchy in Russia **__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Peter brought back a group of technical experts from Europe to help with his policy of Westernization.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He became an autocratic ruler, he took charge of all Russian institutions.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He forced nobles/boyars to serve the state in military or civilian positions.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He encouraged mercantilist policies and improved Russian trade infrastructure.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ruled by terror.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He created the largest standing army in Europe, creating a navy from start.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Peter established a warm water port in the Baltic sea to maintain trade with Europe during winter months.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Although capturing the Baltic sea Peter tried to obtain the black sea but the Ottoman empire proved to strong to conquer.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Peter hired a Danish navigator the explore the Bering Straight.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">After Peter's death serfdom increased, resulting in a bigger rift developing between Russia and the West.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Catherine reorganized the government and improved education for boys & girls. Like Peter she encouraged westernization.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Catherine managed to defeat the Ottoman empire and won a port on the Black Sea.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Catherine took the eastern side of Poland.


 * __Enlightenment Ideas Spread:__**
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Frederick the great admired the work of Voltaire.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Frederick tolerated all the different religions.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Even though he followed ideas of the enlightenment, he still wanted absolute control over the country.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Catherine the great of Russia was much the same following ideas and even exchanging letters with enlightenment thinkers but like Frederick she still wanted absolute control.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Joseph II made radical changes to the country allowing free press, equality for religions, he took control of monasteries not caring for the people and sold the land to pay the monasteries who were. However after his death much of these revolutionary changes were undone by his successor.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The rococo style of art followed the baroque era.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Most Europeans remained as peasants untouched by these changes in thinking but this new way of thinking soon started trickling down to the peasants.


 * __Matthew Presentation - Thomas Hobbs:__**

(1) || Below Average (2) || Average (3) || Above Average (4) || Outstanding (5) ||
 * __ 1) Report Card for Great Individuals __**
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  || 2 ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||

__ Comments (write a paragraph): __
 * Thomas Hobbs was one of the most influential writers of the time, his work would go on to affect future American and European governments. **

__**Philosophy In the Age of Reason**__
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1500's & 1600's the scientific revolution introduced science and reason as the basis of knowledge which changed the way European's regarded their way of life.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hobbes argued that people are "brutish" by nature and therefore need to be controlled by a monarch.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Locke thought that people were more reasonable and moral and believed that people had a say about their life and freedom.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Locke disagreed with absolute monarchs.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Philosophes believed that use of reason could be used to start reforms in teh government, law and society.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Baron de Montesquieu proposed the idea of separation powers and of checks and balances as a way to protect liberty in the government.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Jean-Jaqcues believed that people were naturally good.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Social contact was suggested by Rousseau.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Women still did not have many rights in Europe even though the way people were thinking was changing.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Philosophes believed in economic freedom with minimum interference from the government.


 * __Luca Presentation - Voltaire__**

__ 1) Report Card for Great Individuals __ (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   || 4 ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   || 3 ||   ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  || 2 ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   || 5 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||

__ Comments (write a paragraph): __ Voltaire was one of the most prolific figures in the enlightenment. He strove for freedom and equality and was against the control of absolute monarch, he was thrown into the Bastille one of the most renowned prisons in Europe.

__**Taylors Presentation - Voltaire**__

__ 1) Report Card for Great Individuals __ (1) || Below Average  (2) || Average  (3) || Above Average  (4) || Outstanding  (5) ||
 * || Poor
 * Charisma ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Intelligence ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Determination ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Ability to Problem-Solve ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Decision-Making Ability ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Describe the person's leadership style ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Significance to others ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Evidence of Achievements ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Relevance to Contemporary History ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||
 * Overall Impact on History ||  ||   ||   || Score: 37 || / 45 ||