Anjali+Chandiram+Q4

Nationalism Triumphs in Europe

1. Describe the early changes that promoted German unity. Bismarck became Prime Minister of Germany, and later a "chancellor." He then used his policy of "blood and iron" to unite Germany. The German Confederation was established by the Congress of Vienna after Napoleon Bonaparte's reign.

2. Explain how Bismarck unified Germany. Bismarck used his policy of "blood and iron" to united Germany.

3. Describe the German empire's political organization. German nobles and princes convinced William I to become Emperor. A two house legislature was drafted Upper house - German heads of state; maintains veto power Lower House - Elected by universal male suffrage

4. Define RealPolitik. RealPolitik are realistic politics based on the needs of the state. Power was more important than principles.

Germany becomes an industrial giant: factories, automobiles, mining and coal, steel and iron.

1. Describe the factors that made Germany an Industrial Giant. Germany became an industrial giant by the production of automobiles, mining, coal, steel, iron and the establishment of more and more factories.

2. Explain why Bismarck was called the Iron Chancellor. Bismarck was called the Iron Chancellor because "he sought to erase local loyalties and and crush all oppositions to the imperial state." He was more concerned with what was going in continental Europe and in France, rather than any other country.

3. Describe the policies Kaiser William II followed. Kaiser believed in divine right to rule. He also supported democratic reforms, and social welfare to help certain groups of people. He expands the German military.

Identify the key obstacles to Italian unity. A revolutionary, a statesman, a soldier and a king

- A revolutionary: Giuseppe Mazzini was the founder of 'young Italy' and helped set up a revolutionary republic in Rome - A statesman: Camilo Cavour was the prime minister and provoked a war with Austria after secret negotiation with Napoleon III who proposed help to Sardinia - A soldier: Giuseppe Garibaldi got weapons from the prime minister, and in 1860 invaded Sicily with the 1,000 Red Shirts Army - A king: Victor Emmanuel II received the crown to Naples and Sicily. Then Italians conquered Rome which became the capital city in 1870. - Nationalist revolts: Public italians created riots against Austria
 * Identify the Key Obstacles to Italian Unity**

Western Democracy Involves people having a say in government "Western" - because it was developed in Europe (the Western hemisphere of the world) Three countries - Great Britain, France, United States

__Great Britain__ The Magna Carta - the King is forced to sign the Magna Carta ' Development of the constitutional monarchy English Bill of Rights The Slave Trade The Glorious Revolution

__France__ The French Revolution - Napoleonic Code - Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Citizen - Plebiscite - Napoleon's meritocracy

__United States__ - American Revolution - Declaration of Independence - Bill of Rights - Emancipation proclamation - Unalienable rights - US constitution

1. Explain why reformers sought to change Parliament in the 1800s. Reformers sought to change Parliament because laws did not allow people to vote.

2. Describe the values Queen Victoria represented. Queen Victoria represented the values of duty, thrift, honesty, respectability, morals and manners.

3. Describe how the liberal and Conservative parties helped bring anew era to British politics. The old political parties regrouped and obtained a new leader, Benjamin Disraeli, who formed a new conservation party.

Introduced the Secret Ballot Not an aggressive foreign policy ||
 * Tories (Disraeli) Conservative Party || Whigs (Gladstone) Liberal Party ||
 * Reform Bill of 1867 giving the vote to working class men || Universal suffrage

1. What were the causes of the New Imperialism? The causes of the new imperialism were economic interests, political and military motives, and humanitarian and religious goals.

2. Why did Western Imperialism spread so rapidly? Western imperialism spread so rapidly because of weakness among non-western states and western advantages such as well organized governments and strong economies.

3. How did different imperial governments rule their empires? Different imperial governments ruled their empires by either direct rule like the French or by contrast like the British.