Scott+Q4

=__**Quarter 4:**__=

__Describe the Early Changes that promoted German Unity:__
 * __Building A German Nation__**

__Explain How Bismark unified Germany:__ __Describe the German empire's political organisation:__ __RealPolitik:__
 * Napoleon invaded German states unifying them into the Confederation of the Rhine.
 * Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire, again making it easier to unify German states.
 * Germans got tired of Napoleons rule, they wanted one unified country.
 * The Congress of Vienna establishes the German Confederation, broken up states but less than before the time of Napoleon.
 * Prussia removes tax from trading between German States, unifying them further.
 * Bismark unites all the German States under Prussian rule.
 * Bismark sent Prussia into several wars, he was pursuing an aggressive foreign policy, this lead to German Unification.
 * Prussia conquers German states in Austrian and Danish lands.
 * Created a new German confederation dominated by Prussia.
 * German nobles and princes convinced William I to become Kaiser (Emperor)
 * Set up a two house legislature.
 * Upper House - German heads of state.
 * Lower House - Elected by Universal Male Suffrage.
 * Upper House maintains veto power, however, big progress with the two house legislature.
 * Realistic Politics based on the needs of the state.
 * Power was more important than principles.

__**Strengthening Germany**__ __Describe the factors that made Germany an Industrial Giant:__ __Explain why Bismarck was called the Iron Chancellor:__ __William's reforms and policies:__
 * Abundance of Natural Resources.
 * Disciplined and Educated Workforce.
 * German middle class and professionals prided themselves on a productive and efficient society.
 * Explosion of Population.
 * Abundance of workers due to huge population.
 * They built upon previous industrial successes.
 * Industrialists supported scientific research and development.
 * Germany gets a single currency,
 * He followed an Aggressive foreign policy, creating a strong army.
 * He sought to crush all opposition to the monarchies and erase all local loyalties.
 * He made all catholics pledge allegiance to the state over the church.
 * He passed laws to dissolve Socialist groups and rid the country of them.
 * He instigated economic safeguards to woo workers under the Empire
 * Resisted democratic reforms.
 * Provided Social Welfare.
 * Provided Cheap transportation and electricity.
 * Excellent public school system.
 * Spent tons of money on the German army.
 * Campaigned against other European powers, E.G. France, England,

__ Czar Alexander III __

__What is your day-to-day life like?__ I am the ruler of Russia; I conduct state business, “further” the lives of my people and handle my countries foreign affairs.

__What reforms do you want to see in Russia?__ None, I rule over my people diligently and they love me, I have no reason to reform any part of my government.

__What conditions to do you think affect progress in Russia?__ The economy and some of my incompetent uneducated population, however we are Russia the greatest country in the world, not much holds us back.

__What is your opinion of the Czars and the Russian monarchy?__ We rule this country properly and the people love us, we are the best of the best.

__How did industrialization affect your life?__ I do not know how to control the rising middle class, they are becoming wealthier than many of my noble subjects, it is worrying to say the least. They have started to demand rights, new government and all kinds of nonsense.

__What do you think is the best system of government for Russia?__ Me

__**Nationalism:**__

1. Nationalism brought together a people ruled by other people of a foreign government. It has given people a national identity and has paved the way for new autonomous countries being carved out of old empires/countries.

2. Nationalism brought people to together it gave them their own identity, this desire for their own idnetity gave them a push to protest for their own country with their own beliefs, government etc.

=__Britatin Becomes More Democratic:__= __1. Explain why reformers sought to change the parliament in the 1800's__ __2. Describe the values Queen Victoria represented.__ __3. Describe how the liberal and conservative parties helped bring a new era to British politics.__
 * Outdated/old laws kept people from voting.
 * Many people could still not vote, they wanted suffrage extended.
 * Non Anglican Protestants and Catholics fought for a say in government.
 * New population centers had no representatives in parliament.
 * The House of Lords had more power than the House of Commons.
 * Duty
 * Thriftiness
 * Hard Work
 * Honesty
 * Respectability
 * Suffrage was expanded.
 * Secret Ballot.
 * Parliamentary Democracy
 * The power of the House of Lords is restricted.

__The Partition of Africa__
1. __What Forces Shaped Africa?__ Religion, Imperialist motives, Past colonization, Slave Trade.

2. __Why did European contact with Africa increase in 1800's?__ Europeans needed African slaves to work on their plantations and mines in the Americas and Caribbean. Explorers began mapping the continent. Missionaries tried to convert Africans to Christianity. European powers started to fight for and claim colonies all over Africa.

3. __How did Leopold II start the scramble for the African colonies?__ Leopold II hired Stanley to arrange trade treaties with African leaders along the Congo River Basin, secretly he dreamed of conquest and profit. His activities in Congo lead to a race between European countries attempting to gain the majority of colonies in Africa.

4. __How did African Resist Imperialism?__ They took up arms against the Europeans, most of the time losing against the superior European firepower. The Ethiopians invested in weapons though and were able to hold the Europeans at bay.